RCSLT Online Outcome Tool

Therapy Outcome Measures

TOMs scales

Page last updated: 22 January 2025

The Therapy Outcome Measure (TOM) includes a number of 'adapted' scales, which are based on the 'core' TOM but have been developed for specific client groups. These contain descriptors that have been developed by experts working in those areas, and aim to improve inter-rater reliability.

A new Therapy Outcome Measure Handbook will be published in March 2025. This Handbook contains 85 adapted scales, including 18 new scales and 7 updated scales, as well as detailing the research underpinning the development of the TOM, FAQs, and case studies. Also available are 6 specialist books which contain the scales most used in that specialty plus basics on implementation and reliability. For more details and to pre-order, see the J&R Press website.

The table below sets out the TOM scales that have been developed to date and indicates additions and updates between the 2019 Therapy Outcome Measure User Guide and the 2025 books.  We are now working to reflect these changes on ROOT and will inform users as changes are made.

For more information about scales in development or if you are working on developing/adapting a TOM scale for a particular client group or service, please contact Professor Enderby directly: p.m.enderby@sheffield.ac.uk

NB: If you would like to reproduce the text of an adapted scale in any way, including embedding descriptors in your electronic patient record system, a licence is required from J&R Press.

TOMs scale

2019
User Guide?

2025
Handbook?

Available on the ROOT?

0. Core scale

Yes

Yes

Yes

1. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia

Yes

Yes

Yes

2. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

Yes

Updated

Yes

3. Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Yes

Updated

Yes – 2019 version

4. Cardiac Rehabilitation

Yes

Yes

Yes

5. Cerebral Palsy

Yes

Yes

Yes

6. Developmental Language Disorder(formerly Child Language Impairment)

Yes

Updated

Yes – 2019 version

7. Challenging Behaviour and Forensic Mental Health

Yes

Yes

Yes

8. Chronic Pain

Yes

Yes

Yes

9. Cleft Lip and Palate

Yes

Yes

Yes

10. Cognition

Yes

Yes

Yes

11. Complex and Multiple Difficulty

Yes

Yes

Yes

12. Dementia

Yes

Yes

Yes

13. Diabetes

Yes

Yes

Yes

14. Dietetic Intervention for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Yes

Yes

Yes

15. Dietetic Intervention for Enteral Feeding: Paediatrics

Yes

Yes

Yes

16. Dietetic Intervention for Home Enteral Feeding: Adult

Yes

Yes

Yes

17. Dietetic Intervention for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Yes

Yes

Yes

18. Dietetic Intervention for Obesity: Paediatric

Yes

Yes

Yes

19. Dietetic Intervention for Obesity: Adult

Yes

Yes

Yes

20. Dietetic Intervention for Undernutrition: Paediatrics

Yes

Yes

Yes

21. Dietetic Intervention for Undernutrition: Adults

Yes

Yes

Yes

22. Dysarthria

Yes

Yes

Yes

23. Dysfluency

Yes

Yes

Yes

24. Dysphagia

Yes

Yes

Yes

25. Dysphasia/Aphasia

Yes

Yes

Yes

26. Dysphonia

Yes

Yes

Yes

27. Dyspraxia: Developmental Coordination Difficulties

Yes

Yes

Yes

28. Equipment services

Yes

Updated

Yes

29. Head injury

Yes

Yes

Yes

30. Hearing Impairment/Deafness

Yes

Updated and new title: Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Yes – 2019 version

31. Incontinence

Yes

Yes

Yes

32. Laryngectomy

Yes

Updated and new title: Laryngectomy/surgical voice restoration

Yes – 2019 version

33. Learning Disability: Communication

Yes

Yes

Yes

34. Mental health

Yes

Yes

Yes

35. Mental Health: Anxiety Disorders

Yes

Yes

Yes

36. Multifactorial Conditions

Yes

Yes

Yes

37. Musculoskeletal

Yes

Yes

Yes

38. Neurological Disorders (including Progressive Neurological Disorders)

Yes

Yes

Yes

39. Palliative Care

Yes

Yes

Yes

40. Phonological Disorder

Yes

Yes(currently under review but not for 2025)

Yes

41. Podiatric Conditions

Yes

Yes

Yes

42. Postnatal Depression

Yes

Yes

Yes

43. Respiratory Care: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Yes

Yes

Yes

44. Schizophrenia

Yes

Yes

Yes

45. Stroke

Yes

Yes

Yes

46. Tracheostomy

Yes

Yes

Yes

47. Wound Care

Yes

Yes

Yes

48. Sensory Processing Difficulties

Yes

Yes

Yes

49. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME

Yes

Yes

Yes

50. Paediatric Dysphagia

Yes

Yes

Yes

51. Selective Mutism

Yes

Updated

Yes – 2019 version

52. Acquired Dyspraxia of Speech

Yes

Yes

Yes

53. Parent-Infant Responsiveness

Yes

Updated and new title: Parent/Lead Carer-Infant Responsiveness

Yes – 2019 version

54. Oral Hygiene

Yes

Yes

Yes

55. Oral Aversion

Yes

Yes

Yes

56. Orthopaedic: Hip and Knee Surgery

Yes

Yes

Yes

57. Acquired Motor Dyspraxia

Yes

Yes

Yes

58. Transgender: Communication

Yes

Updated and new title: Trans, non-binary, and gender diverse services

Yes – 2019 version

59. Trismus

Yes

Yes

Yes

60. Cognitive Communication Disorder

Yes

Yes

Yes

61. Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

Yes

Yes

Yes

62. Vocal Tract Discomfort

Yes

Yes

Yes

63. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Yes

Yes

Yes

64. Auditory Impairment/Deafness/Partially Hearing

Yes

Withdrawn - use scale 30

Yes

65. Infant Pre-feeding Skills

Yes

Yes

Yes

66. Social Communication Difficulty

Yes

Yes

Yes

67. Pragmatic Communication Disorder

Yes

Yes

Yes

68. Articulation Disorder

Yes

Yes

Yes

69. Chronic Cough

No

Yes

No

70. Inducible Laryngeal Obstruction (ILO)

No

Yes

No

71. Orthotic Scale

No

Yes , in development*

No

72. Prosthetic Scale

No

Yes , in development

No

73. Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Stroke Rehabilitation

No

Yes

No

74. Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Adult Learning Disability Community

No

Yes , in development

No

75. Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Paediatric Learning Disability & Complex Needs

No

Yes

No

76. Adult Learning Difficulties Dysphagia

No

Yes , in development

No

77. Regulation and Behaviours that Challenge

No

Yes , in development

No

78. Long Covid Rehabilitation

No

Yes

No

78a. Long Covid Nutritional Disorder

No

Yes

No

79. Case management/personal injury rehabilitation

No

Yes

No

80. Falls

No

Yes , in development

No

81. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

No

Yes , in development

No

82. Children and Young People (CYP) Respiratory Physiotherapy

No

Yes

No

83. Mental Health Communication

No

Yes , in development

No

84. Mouth Care

No

Yes

No

85. Uninhibited Primitive Reflexes

No

Yes

No

* ‘In development’ indicates scales that are still undergoing inter-rater reliability testing.


The following table lists scales that have been developed by practitioners to be used alongside the TOM scales (above) to provide additional information.

Accompanying scales (additional to TOMs)

2019
User Guide?

2025
Handbook?

Available on the ROOT?

Practitioner confidence questionnaire

Yes

Yes

No

Feeding/mealtime enjoyment for babies

Yes

Yes

No

Carer confidence scale

Yes

Yes

No

Support for client: environmental controls services

Yes

Integrated into scale 28

No

Supporting equipment use (AAC)

Yes

Integrated into scale 2

Yes – as part of the AAC scale

Participation in learning

Yes

Yes

No

TOM PROM

No

Yes

No

Patient Reported Experience Measure (PREM)

No

Yes

No

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